In Arthur v. United Industries, the plaintiff brought a putative class action alleging that United Industries, the manufacturer of Spectracide Weed and Grass Killer Concentrate, misled consumers about how many gallons of herbicide could be made from the concentrated formula.  

The plaintiff alleged that in the labeling for the product, United Industries claimed that the concentrate could be used to make "up to" a certain number of gallons of herbicide.  For example, the 64-fluid ounce container said that it "makes up to 20 gallons."  The plaintiff alleged, however, that the labeling was false and misleading, because the concentrate was only capable of making a fraction of the number of gallons advertised, when the herbicide was diluted to the same strength as the ready-to-use version of the product.  

United Industries argued that the label was not misleading, since the label on the back of the product explained that the herbicide could be diluted to various strengths, based on how it was intended to be used.  United Industries said that if the herbicide was diluted to its weakest strength -- "to kill newly emerged weeds" -- then the "up to" claims were accurate.  

Denying the defendant's motion to dismiss, the court wrote that it "cannot conclude as a matter of law that a reasonable consumer would not be misled by the Concentrate label's 'makes up to' language."  In particular, the court noted that the "makes up to" claim didn't specify on the front of the label which level of dilution the claim applied to.